Solar Energy: A Convergence of Demand and Supply of Energy for Sustainable Development

Abstract

India’s transition towards renewable energy is crucial for its sustainable development, and solar power is emerging as a central component in this transformation. This paper explores the multifaceted role of solar energy in meeting the country’s increasing energy needs, while also addressing the pressing challenges posed by climate change. Given its geographical advantage and abundant sunshine, India has significant untapped solar potential that can be effectively utilized to power its future. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, launched in 2010, set ambitious goals to establish India as a global leader in solar energy. The mission initially aimed for 100 GW of installed solar capacity by 2022, with a long-term target of reaching 200 GW by 2030. This study examines the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of solar energy adoption, emphasizing its capacity to generate employment, enhance energy security, and significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the paper analyses the key policies and initiatives taken by Government of India to support solar energy development. Finally, this paper advocates a strong and sustained commitment to solar energy is essential not only for meeting India’s energy goals but also for achieving broader environmental and economic sustainability. By embracing solar power, India can position itself as a leader in clean energy while fostering inclusive and irrepressible growth.