Development and Analytical Performance of Silver-Based Inorganic Anion Selective Indicator

Abstract

                              Silver-based inorganic anion selective indicator electrodes have emerged as reliable electrochemical sensors for the rapid and accurate determination of various inorganic anions in chemical, environmental, and industrial samples. The present study focuses on the fabrication, optimization, and analytical evaluation of silver-based indicator electrodes for the detection of bromide, iodide, cyanide, and thiocyanate ions. Different fabrication techniques, including PVC membrane, silicone grease, coated wire, and pellet methods, are compared to identify the most efficient electrode preparation strategy. The analytical performance of the developed electrodes is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, reproducibility, durability, detection limit, and Nernstian behavior. The influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and interfering ions on electrode performance is also investigated. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) are determined to understand the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes. Statistical analysis is performed to validate the experimental results. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of cost-effective, stable, and highly selective ion-selective electrodes for electrochemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and quality control in the chemical industry.